Global programs / KEPI
Many developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia, will not be able to independently support expanded programs of immunization (EPI) for decades to come. This is the case even if a very high rate of economic growth is assumed and even if these countries were to devote an unrealistically high proportion of GDP to EPI. Although the current cost of about $15 per fully immunized child is relatively cost-effective, EPI interventions are becoming increasingly complicated and expensive, and it cannot be guaranteed that donors will continue to cover these costs. This paper identifies some simple financial strategies to help improve the potential for sustaining EPI, maximizing EPI's investment value, and safeguarding against a future resurgence of the diseases that are now well on the way to being controlled. Three primary recommendations are made. (1) Support should be allocated based on both need and potential long-term returns on investment. (2) A long-term financing strategy for EPI should be included along with the technical strategies. (3) The definition of roles for donor agencies, technical agencies, and developing country governments should be improved to facilitate wo
Source: DEC abstract, PN-ABH-233 (1990). The source's own text.
Operated in: Kenya, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Dominican Republic, Nigeria, Chad, Philippines, New Independent States, Niger, Bangladesh, Africa South of Sahara, Latin America, Cambodia, Mali, Papua New Guinea, Caribbean, Nicaragua.
When the program ran, from its start year to the latest document year. A hatched bar means the start is our estimate.
Axis: award years, end from years in documents. The start year comes from award fiscal year; the end is the latest document year, so the program may have run longer.
A few documents to read first. Each opens in the side panel, with the PDF to download.
Showing 10 of 24 documents.
Evaluation studies and evaluation-type documents linked to this program.
| Assessment of the expanded program on immunization by a joint team (unofficial translation) | 1988 | Linked evaluation |
| Evaluation of the expanded program on immunization in the Republic of Chad | 1988 | Linked evaluation |
| Evaluation of the immunization program in Nicaragua | 1993 | Evaluation-type document |
Showing 3 of 4 evaluations.
| Name | Role | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Snow, Inc. (JSI) | implementer | 1990 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 46 sources |
| Johns Hopkins University. School of Hygiene and Public Health | implementer | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
Awards, topics, similar programs and how to read this page.
Scope: global. How the scope was set is not described yet. High confidence.
How sure we are: 0.95.
| Name | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| DPE-5982-Z-9034 (other, fiscal year not recorded) | 1988 to 1993 | Stated in a document |
Showing 10 of 11 documents.
| Title | Year | Type |
|---|
| implementer |
| 1993 |
| Stated in a document |
| 1 source |
| Name | Role | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chad. Ministry of Planning and Cooperation | lead ministry | 1988 | Likely, not confirmed | 1 source |
| Name | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya | 1990 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 8 sources |
| Uzbekistan | 1992 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 7 sources |
| Yemen | 1990 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 7 sources |
| Turkmenistan | 1992 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 7 sources |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1992 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 6 sources |
| Tajikistan | 1992 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 4 sources |
| Dominican Republic | 1990 to 1991 | Stated in a document | 3 sources |
| Nigeria | 1991 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 3 sources |
| DPE-5982-A-9034 (cooperative agreement, fiscal year not recorded) | 1991 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| 388-0071-C-0023 (contract, fiscal year not recorded) | 1992 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Name | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| USAID. Bur. for Research and Development. Ofc. of Health | 1991 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 35 sources |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | 1990 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Name | Years | Basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Support | 1990 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 25 sources |
| Kenya | 1990 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 7 sources |
| Yemen | 1991 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 4 sources |
| Dominican Republic | 1990 to 1991 | Stated in a document | 3 sources |
| Chad | 1988 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| Niger | 1991 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| Nigeria | 1991 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| NIS Regional | 1992 to 1993 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| Philippines | 1991 to 1992 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| Mali | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Bangladesh | 1992 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Nicaragua | 1993 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
Sector profile (computed): Maternal and child health 39%; Health systems, policy and finance (general health) 22%; Basic education (early childhood, primary, secondary, literacy, teachers) 18%
DEC topic and subject tags. They describe the documents, not what the program was. Each tag opens its evidence in the drawer.
Programs worth reading next, by topic, implementer, country and years. Similar by facets (topic, implementer, country, years) and, when available, description. It says the programs look alike, not how they are related in time. Source: catalog facets
Looking for similar programs.
56 facts shown; 1 unconfirmed link; 0 support mechanisms (not programs); 53 documents cite this program.
Program key prj:9365982
| 1991 to 1992 |
| Stated in a document |
| 2 sources |
| Bangladesh | 1992 | Stated in a document | 2 sources |
| Africa South of Sahara | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Latin America | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Cambodia | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Mali | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Papua New Guinea | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Caribbean | 1991 | Stated in a document | 1 source |
| Nicaragua | 1993 | Stated in a document | 1 source |