Global award AID/OTR-C-0015 · 1979 · water supply, sanitation and hygiene · Urban Resources Consultants, Inc.

In response to the UN's declaration of l980-90 as "Drinking Water Decade", A.I.D. commissioned a two-volume state-of-the-art study to identify existing technology and determine the need for new technology in providing water supplies and sewage systems (WS/SS) to developing countries. This second volume reviews literature on urban and rural water WS/SS's; suggests strategies for WS/SS project development, particularly as components to urban, urban fringe, and rural development projects; and discusses whether WS/SS patents and proprietary processes hinder the transfer of WS/SS technology to developing countries. The literature review uncovers various WS/SS technologies for developing country use that generally are cost-effective and can be operated, maintained, and upgraded by available personnel. Water supply options, e.g., public fountains, courtyard and house connections, and hand pumps, are presented with notes on water sources to be considered in these options and with the proviso that local and USAID sanitary engineers should be consulted before final decisions on project design. To provide for sewage/excreta disposal, the options range from bore holes and vault latrines to sep

Source: DEC abstract, PN-AAH-477 (1979). The source's own text.